Early identification of local infections in central venous catheters for hemodialysis: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The use of central venous catheters (CVC) is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, related to infectious complications, contributing to poorer clinical outcomes and increased healthcare costs. According to the literature, the incidence of local infections related to CVC for hemodialysis is highly variable. This variability is related to differences in definitions of catheter-related infections. OBJECTIVE: To identify signs and symptoms for determining local infections (exit site and tunnel tract infections) used in the literature in tunnelled and nontunnelled CVC for hemodialysis. DESIGN: Systematic review METHODS: Structured electronic searches were conducted in five electronic databases, from 1 January 2000-31 August 2022, using key words and specific vocabulary, as well as manual searches in several journals. Additionally, vascular access clinical guidelines and infection control clinical guidelines were reviewed. RESULTS: After validity analysis, we selected 40 studies and seven clinical guidelines. The definitions of exit site infection and tunnel infection used in the different studies were heterogeneous. Among the studies, seven (17,5 %) used the definitions of exit site and tunnel infection based on a clinical practice guideline. Three of the studies (7.5 %) used the Twardowski scale definition of exit site infection or a modification. The remaining 30 studies (75 %) used different combinations of signs and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Definitions of local CVC infections are highly heterogeneous in the revised literature. It is necessary to establish a consensus regarding the definitions of hemodialysis CVC exit site and tunnel infections. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42022351097).

Formación en una estrategia multimodal sobre el cuidado de los catéteres venosos periféricos: impacto en la preservación del árbol vascular de pacientes de una unidad de nefrología / Training in a multimodal strategy on the care of peripheral venous catheters: impact on the preservation of the patient's vascular tree in a nephrology unit

Introducción: Un desarrollo adecuado de las fístulas arteriovenosas está relacionado con el estado del árbol vascular y el uso previo de dispositivos de acceso venoso periférico (CVP). Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la formación en una estrategia multimodal para reducir las complicaciones relacionadas con el CVP en una unidad de hospitalización de nefrología. Material y Método: Estudio cuasi-experimental pre-post intervención, en pacientes portadores de CVP en una unidad de hospitalización de nefrología. La intervención consistió en la formación en una estrategia multimodal para el manejo de CVP basada en 5 medidas basadas en evidencia. Para determinar el impacto se analizaron los registros electrónicos de los CVP insertados en los 3 meses previos a la actividad formativa (PRE) vs 3 meses posteriores (POST). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial de las variables a estudio. Resultados: CVP estudiados: PRE n=96, POST n=120. Número medio de CVP/paciente: PRE 2,07 vs POST 1,75 (p=0,02). Calibre: PRE 18G 1%, 20G 18%, 22G 80%, 24G 1%; POST 20G 20%, 22G 80% (p=NS). Duración media: PRE 192h, <7 días 26% vs POST 171h, <7 días 30% (p=NS). Causas de retirada: Alta / no precisa PRE 41% vs POST 38% (p=NS), Flebitis PRE 27% vs POST 13% (p=NS). Conclusiones: la formación en una estrategia multimodal ha conseguido reducir: número de CVP por paciente, número de flebitis, uso de CVP de mayor calibre y tiempo que permanecen insertados. Una estrategia multimodal sobre el manejo de los CVP puede ayudar a preservar el árbol vascular en pacientes nefrológicos

Introduction: An adequate development of arteriovenous fistulas is related to the state of the vasculature and the previous use of peripheral venous catheter (PVC). Objective: To evaluate the impact of training in a multimodal strategy to reduce complications related to PVC in a nephrology hospitalization unit. Material and Method: Quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study in patients with PVC in a nephrology hospitalization unit. The intervention was training in a multimodal strategy for PVC management based on 5 evidence-based measures. To determine the impact, the electronic medical records of the PVCs inserted in the 3 months prior to the training activity (PRE) versus 3 months later (POST) were analyzed. A descriptive and inferential analysis of the variables to be studied was performed. Results: PVC studied: PRE n=96, POST n=120. Average number of PVC/patient: PRE 2.07 vs. POST 1.75 (p=0.02). Caliber: PRE 18G 1%, 20G 18%, 22G 80%, 24G 1%; POST 20G 20%, 22G 80% (p=NS). Average duration: PRE 192h, <7 days 26% vs POST 171h, <7 days 30% (p = NS). Withdrawal causes: High/not accurate PRE 41% vs POST 38% (p=NS), Phlebitis PRE 27% vs POST 13% (p=NS). Conclusions: Training in a multimodal strategy has managed to reduce: number of PVC per patient, number of phlebitis, use of PVC of greater caliber and time that remain inserted. A multimodal strategy on the PVCs management can help preserve the vascular tree in nephrological patients